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def foo(x): if x == 0: bar() else: baz(x) foo(x - 1) and could be written like this in C with K&R indent style : void foo(int x) { if (x == 0) { bar(); } else { baz(x); foo(x - 1); } } Incorrectly indented code could be misread by a human reader differently than it would be interpreted by a compiler or interpreter.
Design philosophy and features. Python is a multi-paradigm programming language. Object-oriented programming and structured programming are fully supported, and many of their features support functional programming and aspect-oriented programming (including metaprogramming [69] and metaobjects ). [70]
Machine code is by definition the lowest level of programming detail visible to the programmer, but internally many processors use microcode or optimize and transform machine code instructions into sequences of micro-ops. Microcode and micro-ops are not generally considered to be machine code; except on some machines, the user cannot write ...
CPython can be defined as both an interpreter and a compiler as it compiles Python code into bytecode before interpreting it. It has a foreign function interface with several languages, including C, in which one must explicitly write bindings in a language other than Python.
However a percentage error between 0% and 100% is much easier to interpret. That is the reason why the formula below is often used in practice (i.e. no factor 0.5 in denominator): SMAPE = 100 n ∑ t = 1 n | F t − A t | | A t | + | F t | {\displaystyle {\text{SMAPE}}={\frac {100}{n}}\sum _{t=1}^{n}{\frac {|F_{t}-A_{t}|}{|A_{t}|+|F_{t}|}}}
The Shapiro–Wilk test tests the null hypothesis that a sample x1, ..., xn came from a normally distributed population. The test statistic is. where. with parentheses enclosing the subscript index i is the i th order statistic, i.e., the i th-smallest number in the sample (not to be confused with ). is the sample mean.