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7500: ICAO: Aircraft hijacking. 7501–7577 US: Reserved for use by Continental NORAD Region (CONR). 7600: ICAO: Radio failure (lost communications). 7601–7607 US: Reserved for special use by FAA. 7610–7676 US: External ARTCC subset (block of discrete codes). 7615 Australia: Civil flights engaged in littoral zone surveillance. 7700: ICAO
Code Use 7500: Aircraft hijacking (ICAO) 7600: Radio failure (lost communications) (ICAO) 7700: Emergency (ICAO)
Three special-purpose codes are also used, 7500 means the aircraft is being hijacked, 7600 means their voice radio set is not working, and 7700 is a general emergency. For mode C, the altitude is encoded using Gillham code, using 11 bits. The lowest possible code is 000000000001, representing an altitude of -1200 feet.
Perhaps we keep reference to the very few standard codes that are used everywhere (7700, 7600, 7500) and put the rest is a List of Transponder Codes page that make it clear these are local and/or historic codes.
An equipment code describes the communication (COM), navigation (NAV), approach aids and surveillance transponder equipment on board an aircraft. These alphabetic codes are used on FAA and ICAO flight plan forms to aid Flight service station (FSS) personnel in their handling of aircraft.
It has a method to enter the four-digit transponder code, also known as a beacon code or squawk code, and a control to transmit an ident, which is done at the controller's request (see SPI pulse below). Transponders typically have 4 operating modes: Off, Standby, On (Mode-A), and Alt (Mode-C).
The aviation transponder interrogation modes are the standard formats of pulsed sequences from an interrogating Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) or similar Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) system. The reply format is usually referred to as a "code" from a transponder, which is used to determine detailed information from a ...
Aircraft equipped with a transponder should indicate a NORDO situation by setting the appropriate transponder code: 7600 ("seven-six: radio fix"). NORDO aircraft declaring an emergency are given priority over other aircraft (providing a more serious emergency does not occur on another aircraft).
Aircraft can also signal an emergency by setting one of several special transponder codes, such as 7700. The COSPAS/SARSAT signal can be transmitted by an Electronic Locator Transmitter or ELT, which is similar to a marine EPIRB on the 406 MHz radiofrequency.
In fiber-optic communications, a transponder is the element that sends and receives the optical signal from a fiber. A transponder is typically characterized by its data rate and the maximum distance the signal can travel.