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The Ministry of State Security (MSS or Guóānbù; Chinese: 国家安全部; pinyin: Guójiā Ānquán Bù; lit. 'State Security Ministry'; IPA: [kwǒ.tɕjá án.tɕʰɥɛ̌n pû]) is the principal civilian intelligence, security and secret police agency of the People's Republic of China, responsible for foreign intelligence, counterintelligence, and the political security of the Chinese ...
The University of Michigan traces its origins to August 26, 1817, [1] when it was established in the Territory of Michigan as the Catholepistemiad or University of Michigania through a legislative act signed by acting governor and secretary William Woodbridge, chief justice Augustus B. Woodward, and judge John Griffin.
In 2010, her (slightly revised) translation was published as a Norton Critical Edition, with a foreword by Laura Howes. [108] In 2007, Simon Armitage, who grew up near the Gawain poet's purported residence, published a translation which attracted attention in the US and the United Kingdom, [109] and was published in the United States by Norton ...
Hezbollah's secret services collaborate with the Lebanese intelligence agencies. [ 156 ] In the summer of 1982, Hezbollah's Special Security Apparatus was created by Hussein al-Khalil, now a "top political adviser to Nasrallah"; [ 202 ] while Hezbollah's counterintelligence was initially managed by Iran's Quds Force , [ 203 ] : 238 the ...
Sometimes the translator performs all five tasks. In other cases, the translator just submits a rough translation and a dialogue writer does the rest. However, the language expertise of translator and dialog writing is different; translators must be proficient in the source language, while dialog writers must be proficient in the target language.
Jain spirituality is based on a strict code of nonviolence, or ahimsa (which includes vegetarianism), almsgiving , faith in the three jewels, austerities such as fasting, and yoga. [ 272 ] [ 273 ] Jain yoga aims at the liberation and purification of the self from the forces of karma , which binds the self to the cycle of reincarnation .
On the other hand, perhaps Ibn al-Hanafiyya had secret designs for the caliphate, [75] because he never pledged allegiance to Ibn Zubayr, [76] who even imprisoned him until he was rescued by Mukhtar. [ 77 ] [ 78 ] Ibn al-Hanafiyya's followers among the Shia became known as the Kasaniyya , who continued to trace the imamate through his descendants.